Grammatically Correct 6/17/09
A weekly grammar tip created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors.

University of Houston-Victoria
3007 N. Ben Wilson
Victoria, TX 77901

When to Use Aggravate, Annoy, and Irritate

Isn’t it annoying how many different words there are to describe how to irk somebody? Or maybe it’s aggravating. Or is it irritating?

The words aggravate, annoy, and irritate are often used interchangeably in writing. While they do share a very similar meaning, there are subtle differences that make each word distinct from the others.

According to Merriam-Webster Online, all three words share a common reference to disturbing or provoking anger or displeasure. However, looking more in depth at each word’s definition may help you find a very specific use for each word in your writing.

Aggravate
, according to Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary means “to make heavy” or “to make worse, more serious, or more severe.” In reference to provoking anger or displeasure, the most common definition we associate with the word aggravate actually takes on a more physical connotation, inducing such provocation “through persistent and often petty goading [pricking or prodding].”  It implies the negative intensification of an existing condition or situation (making it worse than it was).

Ex. Honey, be careful not to aggravate your wound by picking at it!

Ex. Her rapidly clenching fists and firm set of her jaw revealed how deeply the words aggravated her displeasure.

Annoy
means “to disturb or irritate especially by repeated acts” or “to harass especially by quick brief attacks.” Thus, annoy seems to take on a connotation that entails more intention behind the provocation, along with a sort of continual pestering. The continuity of the action seems to be an important connotation.

Ex. Chris knows how to annoy his younger sister; all he has to do is play country music while she’s doing homework.

Irritate means “to provoke impatience, anger, or displeasure in,” among other similar definitions. Its definition seems to have the broadest scope and can refer to a variety of causes or results of irritation. It has a connotation of inflammation.

Ex. That clicking noise irritates me. We need to find out what it is.

 

The Author

Sophia Stevens is a 2009 graduate of Rice University with a degree in English. She has worked at the Academic Center before. She will be teaching English in Namibia for two years before returning to write a memoir, because who doesn't these days? For now, she is content to read them, among other books, and to study and discuss all things literary.


References

Merriam-Webster Online. Merriam Webster, Inc. 2008. 6 Aug. 2008 <http://www.merriam-webster.com/>.

Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 11th ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2007.
 

 

Test Your Knowledge

Select the word you feel best completes the meaning of each sentence based on context clues:

  1. It is not very difficult to (aggravate, annoy, irritate) a mockingbird that is trying to protect her family’s nest.

  2. Our aerobics instructor unfortunately (aggravated, annoyed, irritated) an old knee injury by taking on three class periods a day this semester.

  3. A definite way to (aggravate, annoy, irritate) parents on a family trip is to keep asking them, “Are we there yet?”

 


Answers (may vary depending on interpretation)

  1. It is not very difficult to irritate a mockingbird that is trying to protect her family’s nest. (general provocation)

  2. Our aerobics instructor unfortunately aggravated an old knee injury by taking on three class periods a day this semester. (worsening of or a persistent use of resulting in more severity)

  3. A definite way to annoy parents on a family trip is to keep asking them, “Are we there yet?” (repeated and seemingly intentional provocation)

 

Suggested Resources

Related Academic Center Resources

Grammatically Correct is archived on the Academic Center's website, including all of our "when to use" grammar tips

Recommended Grammar Website of the Week

Browse through the definitions and examples of each of these words at WordInfo's site. The best way to understand their specific uses and the benefits of having three different words to refer to a similar concept is to keep reading examples of each and recognizing their distinguishing connotations.

 


Grammatically Correct is a grammar tip of the week created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors at the University of Houston-Victoria in Victoria, Texas.

Comments about this newsletter should be directed to Summer Leibensperger, leibenspergers@uhv.edu.

Subscribe/Unsubscribe/View Archive