Grammatically Correct 3/25/09
A weekly grammar tip created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors.

University of Houston-Victoria
3007 N. Ben Wilson
Victoria, TX 77901

When to Use Commas with Adjectives

Adjectives are those words that are used to modify nouns and pronouns, and sometimes we need more than one adjective to modify a noun or pronoun (the cloudy, windy day).  In order to determine if a comma is needed with multiple adjectives, you need to be clear about how they relate to each other as well as to the word they are modifying. 
 

Multiple adjectives are sometimes used, not to describe the same noun or pronoun, but to build one adjective on the other. When adjectives work together like this, no comma is needed.  Let's consider an example:
 

Ex. – Rather than a traditional gendered treatment of prostitution, White’s work is a labor history examining prostitution as wage labor within the capitalist system
 

In the sentence above, the word gendered is used as an adjective to define the type of treatment that is being referenced.  The first adjective, traditional, is used to clarify the type of gendered treatment.  The two adjectives work together, but are not separate modifying ideas.  In other words the first adjective defines the whole phrase gendered treatment


When two or more adjectives are used to modify the same noun they are considered coordinate adjectives.  In this case, the adjectives work equally to modify the noun or pronoun (both adjectives have equal weight).  In this case, a comma is required. Let's consider an example:
 

Ex. – The characters in One Day, One Life struggled in a beautiful, unfamiliar land, and that struggle changed their responses to the cultural practices they had previously accepted as traditional and harmonious.
 

There are a couple of tricks to help you determine if the adjectives are coordinate or not.  The first is to switch their order ("unfamiliar, beautiful land"); the second is to place the word and between them ("beautiful and unfamiliar").  If the meaning does not change when you do either of these, the adjectives are coordinate, and a comma is needed.

 

The Author

Amy Hatmaker earned her BA at the University of Houston-Victoria and is pursuing graduate studies at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. She has worked as a writing tutor at the Academic Center for two years.


References

Hodges, J.C., Horner, W.B., Webb, S.S., & Miller, R.K. (1998) Harbrace College Handbook. (13th Ed.) Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.

 

Test Your Knowledge

Test your knowledge of this subject by deciding if the bolded adjective in the following sentences require commas.
 

1)    WWII illuminated for the Americans the importance of Indochina as a producer of raw materials and as an access point to potential eastern trading partners – China, Southeast Asia, and the Philippines. 

2)    This disparity added to the similarities between American and English society by allowing for the stratified social classes.

3)    The German troops on the Eastern front had young inexperienced highly educated leadership.

4)    Nick’s haughty verbose critique angered the writer who spent years working on the manuscript.


Answers

1)     WWII illuminated for the Americans the importance of Indochina as a producer of raw materials and as an access point to potential eastern trading partners – China, Southeast Asia, and the Philippines.

2)      This disparity added to the similarities between American and English society by allowing for the stratified social classes.

3)      The German troops on the Eastern front had young, inexperienced, highly educated leadership.

4)      Nick’s haughty, verbose critique angered the writer who spent years working on the manuscript.

 

 

Suggested Resources

Related Academic Center Resources
 

 

The Academic Center has a handout on Comma Use, and several issues of Grammatically Correct have discussed comma use. Specifically, Candice Chovanec Melzow wrote about Using Commas with Multiple Descriptive Adjectives (6/13/06); Dinah Crockett provided advice on Punctuating Parenthetical Expressions Using Commas (8/29/06); and David Felts discussed how to use Commas [to] Separate Words, Phrases, and Clauses in a Series (9/28/04).
 

 

Recommended Grammar Website of the Week
 

In addition to our website, we recommend the Online Writing Lab site of Purdue University.  This link http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_comma.html is to their page that contains additional information on adjectives and comma use as a whole.

 

 


Grammatically Correct is a grammar tip of the week created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors at the University of Houston-Victoria in Victoria, Texas.

Comments about this newsletter should be directed to Summer Leibensperger, leibenspergers@uhv.edu.

Subscribe/Unsubscribe/View Archive