Grammatically Correct 2/16/09
A weekly grammar tip created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors.

University of Houston-Victoria
3007 N. Ben Wilson
Victoria, TX 77901

 Indefinite Pronouns and Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

Indefinite pronouns are pronouns that do not specify a particular person or gender, such as someone, anybody, everyone, etc. In other words, they do not refer to a specific noun. The following chart identifies some singular and plural indefinite pronouns:
 

 

Singular

Plural

Someone

Both

Anybody

Few

Anyone

Fewer

Nobody

Several

No One

Others

Everyone

Many

Somebody

 

Everybody

 

 


Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
 

 

Pronouns are used to stand for or replace a noun in a sentence. When you use a pronoun to refer to a noun, the noun is called the antecedent. Pronouns have to agree in number, person, and gender with their antecedents.  For example,
 

Katie needs to stop playing video games because her homework is due tomorrow.
 

Her is the pronoun that refers to the antecedent, the specific noun Katie. Her also indicates number (singular), person (3rd person), and gender (female) in agreement with the antecedent Katie.
 

 

Pronouns and the need for pronoun-antecedent agreement are easy enough to understand, but when it comes to making them agree, it can get a little complicated. So, let’s discuss each kind of indefinite pronoun.
 

 

 

Singular Indefinite Pronouns
 

When you are using a singular indefinite pronoun, you must use a singular pronoun to refer back to the indefinite pronoun as well.
 

Example:  The professor said that everyone must turn in his or her test now.
 

You want to use his or her because the indefinite pronoun, everyone, is singular. You need to use both sexes in this instance because everyone is third person, but it's not gender specific, and you do not want to offend the reader in any way by assuming a gender. Make sure that you do not use their to refer to everyone in this sentence because then the sentence would not agree in number.
 

 

Tip: If you are writing a paragraph, you might want to revise this sentence to make it plural because otherwise his and her is going to be in the paragraph a lot. The phrase his and her is not grammatically incorrect, but it does sound awkward when repeated too many times. Here is an example of how to make this sentence plural:
 

Example:  The professor said that they must turn in their tests now.
 

It is much easier to repeat “they” instead of ‘his and her” in a paragraph, or better yet, make the first pronoun more specific.

 

Example: The professor said the students must turn in their tests now.
 

 

Plural Indefinite Pronouns
 

When you use a plural indefinite pronoun, you have to use a plural pronoun to refer to the antecedent indefinite pronoun as well.
 

Example:  I gave both of the babies their medicine today.
 

In this example both is a plural indefinite pronoun, so you have to keep the sentence plural by using a plural pronoun to refer to it later in the sentence. You would not use his or her in this example because his or her is singular and not plural.
 

 

The Author

Paige Ruschhaupt is pursuing a degree in Psychology and has tutored in the Academic Center since January 2008 and is CRLA certified at the advance level.


References

Scharton, Maurice, & Janice Neuleib. Things Your Grammar Never Told You (2nd Ed.). New York: Pearson Education, 2001.

 

Test Your Knowledge

Determine whether the following sentences use indefinite pronouns correctly. If not, write a correct version of the sentence.
 

 

  1. Everyone needs to get their swim suits for the trip tomorrow

  2. When someone realizes the consequences of their actions, they normally try to fix the situation.

  3. Several of the students need to go to their lockers for their books.

 


Answers

 

  1. Incorrect. Everyone is a singular indefinite pronoun so you should use his or her in this sentence. (Everyone needs to get his or her swim suits for the trip tomorrow.)

  2. Incorrect. Someone is also singular, so the sentence should read his or her actions. This sentence has another error after the comma because they also refers to someone, so they should be singular as well.  (When someone realizes the consequences of his or her actions, he or she normally tries to fix the situation.)

  3. Correct; the indefinite pronouns agree in number.
     

 

Suggested Resources

Related Academic Center Resources

 

This week writers may be interested in reviewing Academic Center handouts on Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement and Inclusive Language.  A previous issue of Grammatically Correct by Ernest Amador discussed Indefinite Pronouns Used as Antecedents.
 


Recommended Grammar Website of the Week

 

This website is suggested for more information on indefinite pronouns: http://www.mcwdn.org/grammar/proindef.html.

 

 

 


Grammatically Correct is a grammar tip of the week created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors at the University of Houston-Victoria in Victoria, Texas.

Comments about this newsletter should be directed to Summer Leibensperger, leibenspergers@uhv.edu.

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