Grammatically Correct 2/11/09
A weekly grammar tip created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors.

University of Houston-Victoria
3007 N. Ben Wilson
Victoria, TX 77901

When to Replace Be Verbs

The verb be has multiple forms: be, am, is, are, was, were, being, been.  They are necessary to writing and work well in certain scenarios.  There are times, however, when be verbs are unnecessary, creating sentences that are wordy or dull.  Before we discuss ideal uses of be verbs, we need some definitions.
 

Adjective – A word used to modify a noun or pronoun – the blue arrow, the youngest student, the best option.
 

 Participle – A verb form that can be part of a verb phrase – The foreman has decided to fire the inept employee.
 

 Present Participle – A participle that ends in the –ing form – She was thinking about breaking her engagement.
 

 Linking Verb – A linking verb is a type of verb (often a to be verb) that directly relates the subject with the rest of the sentence – Nick is a silly man.
 

Be verbs work well when they are used as linking verbs (ex. The door on the left is the exit.), that is, when they link a noun in the subject of a sentence to a noun or descriptive adjective in the predicate (ex. The paper was incredibly dull.).  Be verbs are also effective as helping verbs before present participles to express action that is ongoing in the present (Jessica is planning the anthropology syllabus.) or ongoing in the past (Jessica was planning the anthropology syllabus.). 
 

The problem with be verbs can occur when they make sentences too long or difficult to read.  Also, be verbs tend to make sentences passive rather than active. 

Ex. The need for employees was so great that the traditional segregation of the labor force was unable to be maintained, and for the first  time women were allowed to move into occupations that had been generally reserved for men.

 
Now, consider the same sentence reconfigured to remove the be verbs.

 Ex. The tremendous need for employees disrupted the traditional segregation of the labor force, allowing women to move into occupations generally reserved for men.

The revised version of the sentence is more active, concise, and precise, making it clearer for the reader. 

Use helping to be verbs, such as is, when you have a progressive verb, a verb with a participle ending that expresses ongoing action.

 Ex. Ernest is marching.

 
However, if the action is constant or ongoing, the best course often is to change the helping to be verb to an active verb. 

 Ex. Bailyn’s is emphasizing how the oppositionist writers were influencing the Americans due to the particular life circumstances of the colonists. 

 
The following is an example of this same sentence with the direct action verb modified to remove the be verb.

 Ex. Bailyn emphasizes how the oppositionist writers influenced the Americans due to he particular life circumstances of the colonists.

 
Restricting the use of be verbs will help you keep the document crisp and the sentence construct active.

 

The Author

Amy Hatmaker earned her BA at the University of Houston-Victoria and is pursuing graduate studies at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi.  She has worked as a writing tutor at the Academic Center for two years. 


References

Hacker, D. (2003). A Writer’s Reference (5th Ed.) Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s.

Hodges, J.C., Horner, W.B., Webb, S.S., & Miller, R.K. (1998) Harbrace College Handbook. (13th Ed.) Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
 

 

Test Your Knowledge

Test your knowledge of this subject by replacing the be verbs in the following sentences.

  1. In other words, Hitler had the plan from the time he wrote the book, but was just waiting for the opportunity to put it into place.

  2. With adaptation of existing techniques, English landowners were able to increase the area under cultivation thereby expanding yield while making livestock raising more efficient.

  3. An attorney who was known for having a violent temper and who was frequently disbarred for his abrasive manner and his inflexibility on issues of law, Mercer owned one of the largest libraries in the colony, which Mason had open access to.

 

Answers

There are a couple of ways that these sentences could be reconfigured.  These are examples of possible options.  Other options are possible.

 

  1. In other words, Hitler had the plan from the time he wrote the book, but waited for the opportunity to put it in place.

  2. The adaptation of existing techniques enabled English landowners to increase the area under cultivation and expand yield while making livestock raising more efficient.

  3. An attorney known for having a violent temper and frequent disbarments for his abrasive manner and his inflexibility on issues of laws, Mercer owned one of the largest libraries in the colony, which Mason had open access to.

 

Suggested Resources

Related Academic Center Resources

This week writers may be interested in the Academic Center handout on the Parts of Speech which provides a basic review of the building blocks of sentences.

Additionally, the following series from Grammatically Correct looks at concision in writing.

Concise Sentences: Reducing Expletive Constructions

Concise Sentences: Reducing Unnecessary Phrases

Concise Sentences: Reducing Circumlocutions

Concise Sentences: Using Active Verbs

Recommended Grammar Website of the Week

In addition to our own website, we recommend the Guide to Grammar and Writing.  The Guide to Grammar and Writing has a wealth of information on various topics as well as quizzes so that you can test your knowledge.  Visit the Guide to Grammar and Writing now at http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/

 


Grammatically Correct is a grammar tip of the week created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors at the University of Houston-Victoria in Victoria, Texas.

Comments about this newsletter should be directed to Summer Leibensperger, leibenspergers@uhv.edu.

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