Grammatically Correct 1/21/09
A weekly grammar tip created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors.
University of Houston-Victoria
3007 N. Ben Wilson
Victoria, TX 77901

Tricky Subject/verb Agreement: Indefinite Pronouns

Let's start this week with a very brief review of subject/verb agreement before we get to the tricky part of it.

There are two main parts to a sentence, a subject  and a predicate.  In order for a sentence to make sense to the reader, the subject (who or what) and the verb have to agree in number.  Number refers to whether a word is singular or plural.

Let’s try some basic subject/verb agreement examples:

1.) My dog Dixie (play, plays) fetch every morning.

Because Dixie (the subject) is singular, the verb must also be singular.

My dog Dixie plays fetch every morning.

2.) Susie and Jack (eat, eats) Chinese food every Saturday.

Because the subject of the sentence (Susie and Jack) is plural, the verb must also be plural.

Susie and Jack eat Chinese food every Saturday.

Subject/verb agreement can be tricky when the subject of a sentence involves indefinite pronouns. Indefinite pronouns can be either singular or plural, which is why they can be so tricky for writers.  The indefinite pronouns each, one, anybody, everybody, either, and neither may appear to be plural, but all of them are actually singular, meaning “every single one.”  Therefore, in the present tense, they take the –s form (or singular form) of the verb.

Now, let’s try some examples with indefinite pronouns:

1.) It is very important that everyone (works, work) hard on this project.

BE CAREFUL HERE!  Remember, although everyone appears to be inclusive of all of us, which would make it plural and make work the most popular answer choice, everyone actually means every single one.

Correct Ex.: It is important that everyone works hard on this project.

2.) Neither of the students (want, wants) to go to the bookstore--textbook prices are too high.

When neither is the subject of a sentence, the verb should be singular.  Note that this is true even when neither is followed by a prepositional phrase that includes a plural noun.  The prepositional phrase "of the students" may clarify the subject (who the neither is, in other words), but the plural noun in the prepositional phrase doesn't affect the subject of the sentence, so the singular subject neither takes a singular verb wants.

Correct Ex.: Neither of students wants to go to the bookstore--textbook  prices are too high.

Note: In cases when the pair "neither . . . nor" is used, the plurality of the verb used will depend upon the subject nearest to the verb. If the subject nearest to verb is singular, the verb will be as well.  And, if the subject nearest to the verb is plural, then the sentence will need a plural verb.

Ex.  Neither the teacher nor the students (know, knows) if today is art or music day.

Therefore, we look at the students and make our verb choice based on whether that word is singular or plural.

Correct Ex.: Neither the teacher nor the students know if today is art or music day.

3.) Anyone who wants to take time off from work (need, needs) to contact his or her supervisor for approval.

Once again, although anyone appears to be inclusive of all of us, which would make it plural and make need the most popular choice, anyone actually means any individual person.

Correct Ex.: Anyone who wants to take time off from work needs to contact his or her supervisor for approval.

 

The Author

Jennifer Mond is a peer writing tutor at the University of Houston-Victoria and an education major. She began working in the Academic Center in spring 2008 and is CRLA certified at level 2 (advanced). She enjoys spending time with her friends, family, and her silly miniature schnauzer Dixie.
 


References

Kolln, Martha. Rhetorical Grammar: Grammatical Choices, Rhetorical Effects. 5th ed. New York: Pearson Education, 2007.
 

Test Your Knowledge

Choose the correct the verb to complete the following sentences

1.) One of the books (is, are) missing.

2.) Anybody with at least a 3.5 GPA (is, are) qualified for an honors degree.

3.) Everyone attending today’s show (receives, receive) a coupon for a free CD.

4.) Everybody (need, needs) to show his or her identification at the airport.

5.) Neither Max nor Joe (want, wants) to ride the roller coaster.

 


Answers:

1.) One is singular, meaning every individual book; Is

2.) Anybody means every single body or person.  It is a singular pronoun, referring to every single individual person with the high GPA; Is

3.) Like anybody, everyone also refers to every single person who attended the show; Receives

4.) Again, like the previous two examples, everybody also refers to every single person taking a flight at the airport; Needs

5.) The key word here is nor.  Remember, when two subjects (Max and Joe) are joined by or or nor, the verb agrees with the subject nearest the verb.  Therefore, we look at Joe to decide the verb form; Wants

 

Suggested Resources

Related Academic Center Resources

This week you may be interested in learning more about the Indefinite Pronouns Used as Antecedents (published 8/15/07) in an issue of Grammatically Correct by Ernest Amador.

Recommended Grammar Website of the Week

In addition to our website, we recommend looking at http://englishplus.com/grammar/00000027.htm. It provides further explanations and examples on indefinite pronouns. 

 

 

Grammatically Correct is a grammar tip of the week created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors at the University of Houston-Victoria in Victoria, Texas.

Comments about this newsletter should be directed to Summer Leibensperger, leibenspergers@uhv.edu.

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