Grammatically Correct 11/11/08
A weekly grammar tip created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors.
University of Houston-Victoria
3007 N. Ben Wilson
Victoria, TX 77901

Not to Discount Not: Necessary Negation

The Author

Sophia Stevens attended UHV until 2007 and will graduate with a B.A. in English from Rice University in May 2009. In her free time, she enjoys traveling and exploring foreign cultures, reading books of choice not assigned in her many English courses, trying to save the world in small ways, and thinking in paradoxes--and just thinking.

 


 

Last week we discussed how the word not can make some sentences wordier than necessary and can create neutral and bland sentences, but not can also enhance the part of a sentence in which it appears, creating a more emphatic reading. Varying your word order when you incorporate a negated idea—using not, of course—can be a great tool for influencing how your reader interprets or reacts to your sentences. Also, as Martha Kolln discusses in Rhetorical Grammar, simply using the un-contracted not instead of the contraction n't places more stress on the negative.

Ex. Jon was not at all impressed by the display of sarcasm his brother put on during the speech.

This not at all impressed says the same thing as “unimpressed,” but in the phrase not at all, the not puts emphasis on the reading of at all, thus allowing the writer to exaggerate the degree to which Jon was unimpressed.

Ex. A group of psychologists urged the organization not to eliminate its supplemental patient bill funding program.

The phrase not to eliminate could be replaced with “to keep,” but the not changes the urgent request from sounding like an order for something to be done into sounding more like a genuine plea for something not to be done. In other words, it emphasizes the decision against which the group was working.

In conclusion, not is not only useful for basic negations of verbs (cannot, will not, has not) or other words, but it is also a useful tool for emphasizing information differently than would normally be done.

References

Kolln, Martha. Rhetorical Grammar: Grammatical Choices, Rhetorical Effects. 5th ed. New York: Pearson, 2007.


 

Test Your Knowledge

Rephrase the following sentences using not to emphasize certain parts of each sentence.

1. Karalyn departed for Africa full of hope instead of fear.

2. Greg was unsure as to which after school activities he should commit.

3. In the business world, it is determination that succeeds and caution that fails.

4. There is no way to say how grateful I am to you.

5. Wasn’t that the original plan?


Answers (will vary)

1. Karalyn departed for Africa full of hope, not fear.

2. Greg was not quite sure as to which after school activities he should commit.

3. In the business world, it is not caution but determination that succeeds.

4. Not enough can be said for how grateful I am to you.

5. Was that not the original plan?
 

Suggested Resources

Related Academic Center Resources

This week we recommend looking through the archived issues of Grammatically Correct which deal with style. Grammar tips which dealt with style in some way are available at http://www.uhv.edu/ac/student/archiveother.asp.

Recommended Grammar Website of the Week

This week check out ChangingMinds.org's discussion of emphasis in writing. With a general background understanding of what emphasis means in the way we read sentences, you’re on your way to finding new ways to add subtle emphases in your own writing.

 

 

Grammatically Correct is a grammar tip of the week created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors at the University of Houston-Victoria in Victoria, Texas.

Comments about this newsletter should be directed to Summer Leibensperger, leibenspergers@uhv.edu.

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