Grammatically Correct 11/4/08
A weekly grammar tip created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors.
University of Houston-Victoria
3007 N. Ben Wilson
Victoria, TX 77901

Untying the Not: Writing Positive Sentences

The Author

Sophia Stevens attended UHV until 2007 and will graduate with a B.A. in English from Rice University in May 2009. In her free time, she enjoys traveling and exploring foreign cultures, reading books of choice not assigned in any of her numerous English courses, trying to save the world in small ways, and thinking in paradoxes--and just thinking.


 

Using the negative (specifically, the word not) in your writing has its purpose and benefits, but it can be harder to read and think in the negative because we must first comprehend the positive before we negate it.   When you want to convey clear, straightforward ideas, choose a positive statement with precise, active verbs. Let's consider an example.

Ex. Genevieve was not looking forward to spending the weekend without her husband and dog around to keep her company.

In the first example, we see the positive verb, was looking (or the inclusive phrase, looking forward to), negated by not. Essentially, the sentence becomes about what Genevieve wasn't doing instead of what she was doing. We can convey the idea in a positive way (talk about what she was doing, in other words) by choosing a precise, active verb.

Better: Genevieve dreaded spending the weekend without her husband and dog’s company.

Notice that the idea not looking forward to becomes clearer with the word dreaded. By rewriting in the positive form, the writer more clearly and concisely conveys the exact feeling Genevieve had toward her weekend alone. Notice too that we eliminate several unnecessary words.

Ex. According to Bask (2006), in corporate America, ethical practices typically are not elevated to the highest rung of the corporate ladder, unlike most CEOs’ jobs. Thus, principle is not as important as position.

Better: According to Bask (2006), Corporate America typically elevates CEOs atop the corporate ladder but ignores their ethical practices. Thus, position trumps principle.

In the second example, we see two verbs negated by not, and in the first sentence of the example, the not forces the writer into the passive voice. However, in both sentences, switching to positive form eliminates wordiness, as well as a somewhat unclear and perhaps too clichéd metaphor in the first sentence. Switching to the positive also allows the writer to use the active voice. The positive verb in the rewrite of the first sentence clarifies 1) who is performing the action (“corporate America”) and 2) what it means to say that ethics are not as highly regarded as CEOs (in fact, the claim is that corporations “ignore” ethics). In the rewrite of the second sentence, the positive form also creates a stylistic change that entails a more concise, even pithy, rhythmic reading of the sentence.

As these examples illustrate, changing from the negative form, which uses not, to the positive form, which focuses on more straightforward, active verbs, can help you write sentences that are much easier for your reader to understand.

References

Strunk, William, Jr. and E.B. White. The Elements of Style. 4th ed. New York: Longman, 2000.


 

Test Your Knowledge

Play with the following negative verbs, changing them to the positive form. Try to note how many words you eliminate in each instance.

1. does not believe in that ideology

2. cannot let go of the memory

3. tried not to get left behind

4. did not recall the incident


Answers may vary according to the precise meaning you want to convey:

1. disbelieves that ideology; rejects that ideology; suspects that ideology

2. clutches the memory; cherishes the memory

3. avoided getting left behind

4. forgot the incident


 

Suggested Resources

Related Academic Center Resources

This week we recommend reading our handout on Active versus Passive Sentences (active sentences often are less wordy than passive sentences).  Additionally, an issue of Grammatically Correct on Concise Sentences: Using Active Verbs by Candice Chovanec Melzow provides a useful discussion of eliminating wordiness through the use of active verbs.

Recommended Grammar Website of the Week

You may want to read through the recommendation for using positive form in Strunk & White's book The Elements of Style. In this passage you will learn how to work with positive verbs and nouns, as well as to use positive and negative forms together to create even more effective sentences.

 

 

Grammatically Correct is a grammar tip of the week created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors at the University of Houston-Victoria in Victoria, Texas.

Comments about this newsletter should be directed to Summer Leibensperger, leibenspergers@uhv.edu.

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