Grammatically Correct 5/28/08
A weekly grammar tip created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors.
University of Houston-Victoria
3007 N. Ben Wilson
Victoria, TX 77901

Anticipate or Expect: What’s next?

The Author

Karalyn Jones
is pursuing a degree in education and has tutored since 2005. Karalyn is CRLA certified at the master level and is known in the Academic Center for the number of cups of coffee she can drink.  She also leads Make A Change, which is a movement to make changes in our daily lives that affect the world.

 

Definitions

Anticipate (v):

1. To feel or realize beforehand; foresee.
2. To look forward to, especially with pleasure.
3. To deal with beforehand; act so as to mitigate, nullify, or prevent.

- from American Heritage Dictionary

Expect (v):

1. To regard something as probable or likely.
2. To look forward to the probable occurrence of.
3. To consider obligatory; to require.
4. To be pregnant.

-adapted from WordNet and American Heritage Dictionary

 

In the quest for the right word, you may encounter a dilemma when you need to choose between anticipate and expect. Both of these words mean to look forward to:

Ex. I anticipated a pleasant journey down the Nile.

Ex. I expected a large cash bonus at the end of the year.

Anticipate, however, implies a more concrete prediction than expect. Compare the first definitions of both these words:

     Anticipate: To feel or realize beforehand; foresee

     Expect:  To regard something as probable or likely

Let’s see this in action. Compare the next two sentences.

Ex. Nancy anticipates that she’ll have problems with APA in her upcoming research project.

Ex. Nancy expects that she’ll have problems with APA in her upcoming research project.

The use of anticipates in the first sentence takes the meaning to a concrete level – Nancy knows she will have difficulty and may be preparing for it in some way. In the second sentence, the use of the word expects tells the reader that Nancy is predicting that she’ll have difficulty.

This example leads to the next distinction between anticipate and expect: anticipate, unlike expect, can imply an action in response to a prediction. For example, let’s compare anticipating a punch to expecting a punch:

If you anticipate a punch, you realize that you will be punched and may move to defend against it.

If you expect a punch, you are thinking that it is probable that you will be punched.

Expect, unlike anticipate, has additional meanings. It can be used to indicate something is required or to refer to a pregnancy:

Ex. I expect those reports to be on my desk by Friday.

Ex. Kara and Seth are expecting in June.

More examples:

Ex. She anticipated the strike against her bishop by positioning her knight.

Ex. Most expected the Civil War to be over in a handful of months. William anticipated a longer war, stocking his cabin with goods.

Ex. Thousands of Americans anticipated a Y2K that never came. I expect that several thousand more Americans wondered if they too needed to prepare for it.

 

References

anticipate. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Retrieved June 07, 2007, from Dictionary.com.

expect.The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Retrieved June 07, 2007, from Dictionary.com.

expect. WordNet® 3.0. Retrieved June 07, 2007, from Dictionary.com.

 


 

Test Your Knowledge

For each of the following, choose the most appropriate word:

  1. If they had (anticipated, expected) the storm, they would have safely gathered in the shelter.
  1. Nick (anticipated, expected) Harry and Voldemort to go beyond the veil in the fifth Harry Potter book.
  1. I’m (expecting, anticipating) all the articles to be on my desk by the time I get back.
  1. (Anticipation, Expectation) is like faith; it’s building the tracks over the Alps before there is a train that can make the trip.
     


Answers

 

  1. If they had anticipated the storm, they would have safely gathered in the shelter.
  1. Nick expected Harry and Voldemort to go beyond the veil in the fifth Harry Potter book.  
  1. I’m expecting all the articles to be on my desk by the time I get back.
  1. Anticipation is like faith; it’s building the tracks over the Alps before there is a train that can make the trip.

 

Suggested Resources

Related Academic Center Resources

Grammatically Correct is archived on the Academic Center's website, including all of our "when to use" grammar tips

Recommended Grammar Website of the Week

Visualthesaurus.com is actually a dictionary and thesaurus that presents entries in a graphic organizer similar to a story web.   The structure allows one to see how words and definitions connect to the word in question. 

 

 

Grammatically Correct is a grammar tip of the week created by Academic Center Peer Writing Tutors at the University of Houston-Victoria in Victoria, Texas.

Comments about this newsletter should be directed to Summer Leibensperger, leibenspergers@uhv.edu.

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